- Chapter 12 study notes guide - restriction enzyme - are enzymes that cut single stranded DNA at specific sites called restriction sites - originally have been found in bacteria - DNA sequencing - a method used to read the bases on a DNA fragment - Recombinant DNA - a DNA made by the ligation of two different DNA fragments from same or different species - Genetic engineering - the direct manipulation of genes from practical purpoes - Transgenic organism - organism with a genome that has been altered b the insertion of a new DNA fragment - Cloning - a method used to produce genetically identical copies of an organism, a gene, or a DNA fragment, through in vitro - inside a lab tube or in five - inside he living organism - Polymerase chain reaction - a method used to make genetically identical copies of DNA fragments - thermocycler is the PCR machine - Vector - is a carrier of new DNA inside a cell - Gene therapy - is a technique used to correct defective genes - involves in the addition of a healthy, working copy of a faulty gene into the appropriate cells of the body - viral vectors are used to transfer the healthy genes into the cell - Satellite DNA - repetitive sequences on DNA that are in tandem or interspersed - DNA fingerprinting - a method used to identity individual variable number of tandem repeats - DNA finger print - is an individual VNTR which is unique to each person - Forensics Science - is a combination of many areas of science in direct relation to the Law - Chapter 10 study notes guide - DNA structure - nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA - Double helix - DNA - Deoxyribose sugar - Phosphate - Nitrogenous base - Adenine - Guanine - Thymine - Cytosine - RNA - Ribo nucleic Acid - made of nucleotides - Ribose sugar - Nitrogenous bases - Adenine - Guanine - Cytosine - Uracil